88 research outputs found
A method to extract pure Raman spectrum of epitaxial graphene on SiC
A method is proposed to extract pure Raman spectrum of epitaxial graphene on
SiC by using a Non-negative Matrix Factorization. It overcomes problems of
negative spectral intensity and poorly resolved spectra resulting from a simple
subtraction of a SiC background from the experimental data. We also show that
the method is similar to deconvolution, for spectra composed of multiple sub-
micrometer areas, with the advantage that no prior information on the impulse
response functions is needed. We have used this property to characterize the
Raman laser beam. The method capability in efficient data smoothing is also
demonstrated.Comment: 3 figures, regular pape
AN AGENT-BASED COOPERATIVE MECHANISM FOR INTEGRATED PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
This paper presents a decentralized cooperative economic scheduling mechanism for a supply chain environment. For this purpose, we design autonomous agents that minimize the production or transportation costs and outsourcing costs incurred by the external execution of a task. The decentralized cooperative scheduling approach comprises two parts: the individual optimization an agent\u27s local schedule and the cooperative contract optimization, either by outsourcing the task or by (re-)contracting the release time and due time with the contract partners aiming to maximize their total profits. A negotiation mechanism based on trust accounts is employed to protect the agents against systematic exploitation by their partners
Thermoelectric effect in high mobility single layer epitaxial graphene
The thermoelectric response of high mobility single layer epitaxial graphene
on silicon carbide substrates as a function of temperature and magnetic field
have been investigated. For the temperature dependence of the thermopower, a
strong deviation from the Mott relation has been observed even when the carrier
density is high, which reflects the importance of the screening effect. In the
quantum Hall regime, the amplitude of the thermopower peaks is lower than a
quantum value predicted by theories, despite the high mobility of the sample. A
systematic reduction of the amplitude with decreasing temperature suggests that
the suppression of the thermopower is intrinsic to Dirac electrons in graphene.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Exploration of Sustainable Urban Transportation Development in China through the Forecast of Private Vehicle Ownership
With the acceleration of China&rsquo
s urbanization process, the urban transportation problem has become increasingly serious. The rapid expansion of private vehicle ownership, in particular, has become one of the barriers to the realization of sustainable urban transition. This paper applied the Gompertz model to analyze the non-linear relationship between private vehicle ownership and per capita GDP in China using provincial data. In addition, we forecasted private vehicle ownership for 31 Chinese provinces for the period of 2019&ndash
2030 and predicted the time to reach the upper limit of 1000 people vehicle ownership of each province according to different scenarios. The main findings revealed that the number of private vehicles owned in China&rsquo
s provinces was in line with &ldquo
S&rdquo
-shaped development and was currently in the process of accelerated growth. Under the scenario of an annual per capita GDP growth rate of 6%, China&rsquo
s private vehicle ownership will reach 246 million, 375 million, and 475 million in 2020, 2025, and 2030, respectively. This indicates that China&rsquo
s expansion of private vehicle ownership will generate significant challenges, such as on-road vehicle-related fossil fuel consumption, pollutant emissions, traffic congestion, and scrapped vehicle recycling. These issues will become increasingly prominent. In provinces such as Hubei, Hebei, Hunan, and other central provinces that have a 50&ndash
60% urbanization rate, the large potential for income promotion will significantly stimulate the increase in private vehicle ownership, and the upper limit of 1000 people vehicle ownership in each province will be reached in 2032, 2037, and 2046 with annual per capita GDP growth rates of 8%, 6%, and 4%, respectively.
Document type: Articl
Supply–Demand Matching of Smart Parcel Lockers in a Residential Area: Insights from Tianjin
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in the use of self-service facilities (SSFs) in residential areas worldwide. Previous studies on SSFs mainly focused on their application in commercial or other scenarios. However, SSFs in residential areas have not been thoroughly studied. This study develops an analytical framework for assessing both the supply and demand for SSFs in residential areas. The study evaluates 2693 residential communities and 479 smart parcel lockers (SPLs) in Tianjin, China. The results show that the high-demand area for SPLs is within 300 m of home, while the high-supply area is 300–600 m from home. Further analysis using the Gini coefficient and location quotient shows that the top 20% of the population have access to 80% of SPLs, and most residential communities experience an oversupply. Our study suggests that a mismatch between the supply and demand of SPLs may result in massive public space waste, resource waste, and inequity. Given the many uncertainties of the future, this study highlights the need to consider the dynamic supply–demand relationship of SSFs. This may encourage urban planners, policymakers, and experts in other related disciplines to work towards a more service-efficient and equitable utilization of SSFs in residential areas
Controlled epitaxial graphene growth within amorphous carbon corrals
Structured growth of high quality graphene is necessary for technological
development of carbon based electronics. Specifically, control of the bunching
and placement of surface steps under epitaxial graphene on SiC is an important
consideration for graphene device production. We demonstrate lithographically
patterned evaporated amorphous carbon corrals as a method to pin SiC surface
steps. Evaporated amorphous carbon is an ideal step-flow barrier on SiC due to
its chemical compatibility with graphene growth and its structural stability at
high temperatures, as well as its patternability. The amorphous carbon is
deposited in vacuum on SiC prior to graphene growth. In the graphene furnace at
temperatures above 1200C, mobile SiC steps accumulate at these
amorphous carbon barriers, forming an aligned step free region for graphene
growth at temperatures above 1330C. AFM imaging and Raman spectroscopy
support the formation of quality step-free graphene sheets grown on SiC with
the step morphology aligned to the carbon grid
Half integer quantum Hall effect in high mobility single layer epitaxial graphene
The quantum Hall effect, with a Berry's phase of is demonstrated here
on a single graphene layer grown on the C-face of 4H silicon carbide. The
mobility is 20,000 cm/Vs at 4 K and ~15,000 cm/Vs
at 300 K despite contamination and substrate steps. This is comparable to the
best exfoliated graphene flakes on SiO and an order of magnitude larger
than Si-face epitaxial graphene monolayers. These and other properties indicate
that C-face epitaxial graphene is a viable platform for graphene-based
electronics.Comment: Some modifications in the text and figures, 7 pages, 2 figure
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